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June 29, 2026
美國要聞

美最高法院雙裁定 擴大總統權力但維護Fed獨立

聯邦最高法院29日做出兩項裁定,一項是認可總統川普可基於任何理由解僱獨立監管機構官員,但同時另一項則明確維美聯儲獨立性,認為聯準會官員不能被隨意撤換。

在川普開除聯邦貿易委員會(FTC)民主黨籍委員史勞特(Rebecca Kelly Slaughter)一案,九名大法官以6比3允許總統這項解雇案,三位自由派大法官投反對票。

這項裁定形同擴大總統權力,可能帶來政府架構重大變革,因為這將讓總統能更直接介入獨立機構。

但在另一項涉及川普開除美聯儲理事庫克(Lisa Cook)案裡,大法官們則以5比4裁定川普不能依未獲證實的房貸詐欺指控而解職庫克,也不能不給庫克答辯機會。

川普開除庫克之際,時值他正施壓聯儲局要求降低利率。

在史勞特案裁定裡,大法官形同推翻已有近百年的歷史慣例,即賦予國會制衡力量,規定總統必須有充分理由才能解職獨立監管機構官員。

史勞特案的裁定等於認可保守派人士長期主張,總統應對行政部門擁有不受限制的權力。但庫克案的裁定裡,大法官則阻止總統對央行擁有更大控制力。

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