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August 19, 2021
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輝瑞及阿斯利康對抗Delta效力90天內減弱

新冠肺炎持續肆虐全球,英國牛津大學一項最新研究發現,輝瑞(即BioNTech)及阿斯利康(AZ)疫苗在對抗Delta變種病毒株方面,效力會在三個月內減弱。輝瑞/BioNTech 17日向食品藥物管理局FDA遞交了第三針新冠疫苗上市申請的早期數據,FDA最快可能下個月就通過緊急使用(EUA)批准第三針疫苗。

研究發現,接種輝瑞或阿斯利康疫苗第二劑的90天後,預防感染新冠病毒的效力分別從打完第二劑兩週後的85%和68%降至75%和61%,而疫苗效力減弱的現像在35歲以上群體比35歲以下更顯著。

據報道,這項未經同行審議的研究基於英國國家統計局的一項調查結果。該機構從去年12月到8月對隨機選擇的家庭進行了測試,並在英國各地採集超過300萬份鼻咽拭子。該研究強調,德爾塔Delta變異病毒的快速傳播加大了感染的風險。

此外,研究還指出,那些接種了疫苗但又被感染的人,其體內的病毒載量往往與未接種疫苗的感染者相似。研究人員擔憂,打完疫苗又染疫的人,傳播病毒的風險可能會比其他的變種病毒還要高。

牛津大學的研究結果與疾病管製暨預防中心(CDC))的分析一致。由於Delta變異株染疫病例攀升,華府正在規劃下個月起普遍開放民眾接種疫苗追加劑。

來自美國和卡塔爾的兩篇研究論文也發現,“突破性感染”的數量比預期的要多,儘管疫苗對預防重癥似乎仍是有效的。牛津大學的科學家們表明,雖然輝瑞疫苗一開始更有效,但在第二劑註射後的四到五個月,其功效與阿斯利康的疫苗大致相同,因為後者提供的保護幾乎沒有改變。

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