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July 6, 2023
美國要聞

美國近半水龍頭檢測出致癌化合物

據美國廣播公司報導,5日發布的一項政府研究顯示,近一半的美國自來水可能含有可致癌和其他健康問題的「永久性化學物質」。

美國地質調查局(USGS)說,這些被統稱為全氟和多氟烷基物質(PFAS)的合成化合物正在不同程度地污染大城市和小城鎮的飲用水,以及私人水井和公共系統。由於美國地質調查局是一個科學研究機構,該報告沒有提出任何政策建議。

環境保護署(EPA)今年3月首次就六種形式的PFAS提出聯邦飲用水限制,這些物質會在人體內保留多年並且不會在環境中降解。最終決定預計將於今年晚些時候或2024年做出。

但倡導組織「環境工作組」(EWG)高級副總裁費伯(Scott Faber)說,政府並沒有禁止使用這些化學物質的公司向公共污水系統排放這些化學物質。對實驗動物的研究發現,PFAS化學物質與某些癌症之間存在潛在聯繫,包括腎癌和睾丸癌,以及高血壓和新生兒出生體重低等問題。

據報告,最嚴重的暴露是在城市和化合物的潛在來源附近,特別是在東海岸;五大湖和大平原城市中心;以及加州中部和南部。許多在農村地區進行的檢測沒有發現PFAS。根據這些數據,研究人員估計,在全國約45%的自來水樣本中,至少可以發現一種形式的PFAS。

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