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July 22, 2021
Uncategorized

雙胞胎太空實驗 生理變化大多能逆轉

太空總署進行雙胞胎實驗,將孖生弟弟送上太空三百幾天,再將他的身體狀況與在地球的哥哥比較。當局發現在太空時出現的生理變化,回到地球後大部分都能逆轉,研究有助太空人應付更長時間的任務。

太空人斯科特在2015至16年,到國際太空站生活了340天,主要任務是進行身體檢查和認知測試,看看他身處太空,生理起了什麼變化。結果發現他的頸動脈和視網膜均變厚、眼球形狀改變、腸道益菌比例亦有變、認知能力下降、DNA受破壞、基因表現異常、染色體端粒增長,而在實驗的後半年基因活動的變化更明顯。他又在太空站注射流感疫苗,身體反應與在地球時一樣,反映免疫系統運作仍正常。種種的生理變化在他返回地球後半年之內,大部分已回復正常。

一共有12間本地大學、10支研究團隊、84名科學家,花了近三年分析這對雙胞胎的生理差異,形容實驗開創太空上的人類基因學領域,協助太空人應對更長時間、更遙遠的任務。研究成果不局限應用於太空人,亦有助癌症或基因疾病患者應對基因變異、長期受輻射的影響,和研究在極端環境和壓力下身體如何反應,太空總署計劃進行更多同類實驗。

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