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December 8, 2023
美國要聞

聯邦食藥局批准鐮刀型紅血球疾病基因編輯療法

聯邦食品藥物管理局 FDA 週五批准了兩種治療鐮刀型紅血球疾病的療法,一種是基因編輯療法,另一種是使用傳統基因療法,但不使用基因編輯。

FDA 表示,這種一次性治療可用於 12 歲及以上的患者。第一種由福泰製藥(Vertex Pharmaceuticals)和 CRISPR 療法製造,是首個獲批准的 CRISPR 基因編輯療法,其發明者於 2020 年獲得諾貝爾獎。

另一種由 Bluebird Bio 製造,使用常見的基因療法將良好的血紅蛋白基因添加到患者的 DNA 中。

FDA 的凡爾登博士(Dr Nicole Verdun)在聲明中指出,鐮刀型紅血球疾病是一種罕見、並使人衰弱且危及生命的血液疾病,很高興能夠推動這一領域的發展,特別是對於受該病嚴重困擾生活的人士。

據估計,全美有約 10 萬人患有鐮刀型紅血球疾病,其中大多數是非裔,全國每 365 名非裔嬰兒中就有 1 名出生時患有這種疾病。

鐮刀型紅血球疾病會影響血紅蛋白,也就是紅血球中攜帶氧氣的蛋白質。基因突變導致細胞變成鐮刀形或新月形,從而阻礙血液流動,導致難以忍受的疼痛、器官損傷和中風等問題。

目前的治療方法包括藥物治療和輸血,唯一的永久解決方案是骨髓移植,但必須來自沒有疾病的緊密匹配捐贈者,而且會帶來排斥的風險。

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