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October 8, 2024
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美兩科學家揭示基因調控新機制 獲頒諾貝爾獎

兩名美國科學家-發育生物學家安布羅斯和分子生物學家魯夫昆,因發現微小核糖核酸(microRNA)及其在轉錄後基因調控的作用,共同獲得 2024 年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。

70 歲的安布羅斯目前是麻薩諸塞大學醫學院教授,72 歲的魯夫昆則是哈佛醫學院教授。

諾貝爾獎委員會週一宣布得獎成績時說,了解基因活動的調控是醫學界過去幾十年來的重要目標,因為如果基因調控出現問題,就會導致癌症、糖尿病或自體免疫等嚴重疾病,而安布羅斯和魯夫昆的突破性發現「揭示了一種全新的基因調控原理,這對包括人類在內的多細胞生物至關重要」。

現在已知人類基因組編碼超過 1000 個微小核糖核酸,而安布羅斯和魯夫昆發現一類新的微小核糖核酸分子能使每個細胞只選擇相關的指令。他們的研究成果於 1993 年發表在兩篇報告中。

去年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎同樣由兩位美國科學家-卡里科和魏斯曼獲得。他們在核苷酸基修飾方面的發現,讓人們得以研發有效的冠病疫苗。

與往年一樣,醫學獎是今年第一個揭曉的諾貝爾獎項,其餘五個獎項將在未來幾天宣布。

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