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February 20, 2026
美國要聞

最高法院駁回川普關稅政策 憲法未賦予總統徵稅權

最高法院週五(20日)駁回了總統川普的全球關稅政策,這對川普在其經濟議程的關鍵議題上造成了重大打擊。

這項6比3的裁決主要針對根據緊急權力法徵收的關稅,包括川普對幾乎所有其他國家徵收的「對等」關稅;三位大法官阿利托、托馬斯和卡瓦諾(Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas and Brett Kavanaugh)持反對意見。

多數派認為,憲法「非常明確地」賦予國會徵稅權,其中包括關稅。 首席大法官羅伯茨(John Roberts)在裁決中寫道,「制憲者沒有將任何徵稅權賦予行政部門」。

卡瓦諾在反對意見中寫道,「關稅政策是否明智尚待商議,但從法律條文、歷史和先例來看,它們顯然是合法的。」

最高法院並未就企業能否獲得數十億元的關稅退款作出任何表態;但卡瓦諾指出,這個過程可能十分複雜。包括大型倉儲式超市 Costco 在內的許多公司已提起訴訟,要求退款。

憲法賦予國會徵收關稅的權力;但川普政府辯稱,1977年的一項法律允許總統在緊急情況下監管進口,也賦予了他設定關稅的權力。

川普於去年4月對大多數國家徵收了他所謂的「對等」關稅,以解決貿易逆差問題。

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